19th Century Information
"The person who disregards
personal
appearance is a sloven. Were all negligent of these duties, the human
race would degenerate toward barbarism."
Such is the sentiment of an 1882 book,
Deportment and Social Culture.
Books of this sort abounded in the Victorian era, when natural and
unadorned beauty was touted as the only acceptable form of
appearance... and, of course, when numerous recipes and products aided
the 19th century lady and gentleman to subtly improve on what nature
forgot.
"The
eyes should not be tampered with. Their beauty cannot be improved by
art. It is said the beauty of the soul often hath its index in the
countenance, hence, if you would beautify the eyes, you must study
pleasing traits of character, and let the thoughts be beautiful and
pure-- and those beautiful impulses of the soul will become manifest in
the eyes."1
This was a time period of great change in the personal appearance. The
first half of the 19th century was very similar to the century
previous; cleanliness meant removal of visible dirt. If you didn't look
dirty, then you were clean. Washing daily was encouraged (meaning with
a cloth or sponge), and bathing in a tub once a week was the ideal.2
The Industrial Revolution in the middle of the 19th century began a
vast change in the nature of hygiene. Science became the way to achieve
a good appearance, as the discovery of microbes gave greater
understanding to both dirt and smells. Improved printing
methods
allowed greater numbers of etiquette books, such as the one quoted
above, which instructed readers in the "proper" ways of improving their
appearances.3
"Ingenious
Art, with her expressive face,
Steps forth to fashion and refine the
race."
1 Stuart, John. Deportment
and Social Culture. San Francisco: D. S. Colby &
Co. 1882,
p. 366.
2 Shoffner, Melissa and Merrilee
Garner. "Nineteenth
Century Hygiene, or, Dirty or Not: Standards of Cleanliness, 1800-1906". Proceedings of the 2005
Conference and
Annual Meeting of the Association for Living History, Farm and
Agricultural Museums (ALHFAM), pp. 77-78.
3 ibid., p.
78.
Image from Deportment
and Social
Culture, 1882.